Graph

Union Find (Disjoint Set)

Dijkstra’s Algorithm

String

Rabin Karp

Z-function

KMP (Knuth Morris Pratt)

Dynamic Programming

State Space Optimization

State Computation Optimization

Using Bitmasks

Digit DP

Tree/Graph DP

Number theory

Modular inverses

GCD

LCM

Miscellaneous:

Segment Tree

Vanilla

Lazy Propagation

Handling Large Ranges

Handling Complex Operations)

Fenwick tree

Interval Trees

Mono Deque

Morris Traversal

Prefix Sum

Quick Select

Bucket Sort

References: